room ~ Operating Systems
Operating Systems
OS layers, kernel vs user space, Windows basics, processes and security
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lessons
What is an Operating System?
Operating System (OS) = user/applications aur hardware ke beech ka layer.
User Applications
↕
Operating System (Kernel + System Services)
↕
Hardware (CPU, RAM, Disk, Network)
OS ke Main Kaam
| Function | Kya Karta Hai |
|---|---|
| Process Management | Programs chalana, schedule karna, terminate karna |
| Memory Management | RAM allocate karna apps ko, protect karna ek app ko dusre se |
| File System | Files/folders organize, permissions manage |
| Device Management | Hardware drivers control (keyboard, disk, NIC) |
| User Management | Accounts, authentication, authorization |
| Security | Access control, isolation, encryption support |
Types of OS
- Desktop OS: Windows, macOS, Linux
- Server OS: Windows Server, Ubuntu Server, RHEL
- Mobile OS: Android, iOS
- Embedded OS: RTOS, firmware in routers/IoT
Security Relevance
- OS vulnerabilities = attacker ka primary target
- Kernel exploit = full system compromise
- Misconfigured OS = easy entry point
- Every pentest starts with "target kaunsa OS chala raha hai?"